\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide,fontawesome5}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,scale=1.0]
  \useasboundingbox(-7.8,4.8)rectangle(2.0,-3.4);
  \begin{scope}[rotate=-30]
  \draw(0,0)circle(1.2);
  \draw[thin,dashed] (-7,0)--(2,0);
  \draw(-1.3,0)ellipse(2.6 and 2.0);
  \draw(-2.6,0)ellipse(3.9 and 2.5);
  \draw(-2.6,4)..controls(0,2.5)and(1.3,1.5)..(1.3,0)..controls(1.3,-1.5)and(0,-2.5)..(-2.6,-4);
  \draw(-2.6,5.2)..controls(0,3)and(1.3,1.5)..(1.3,0)..controls(1.3,-1.5)and(0,-3)..(-2.6,-5.2);
  \node at (-6.7,0)[below left]{椭圆};
  \node at (-4.7,2.1)[above,rotate=0]{$\qty{7.9}{km/s}<v<\qty{11.2}{km/s}$};
  \node at (135:1.2)[above,rotate=0]{$v=\qty{7.9}{km/s}$};
  \node at (-2.6,-4)[left]{$v=\qty{11.2}{km/s}$};
  \node at (-2.6,-5.2)[left]{$v=\qty{16.7}{km/s}$};
  \begin{scope}
    \path [clip] (0,0) circle(1.0);
  \node[fill=brown] {\textcolor{cyan!20}{\resizebox{2.5cm}{!}{\faGlobeAmericas}}};
  \end{scope}
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
